The GPON
standard is defined by the G.984 ITU-T recommendation for PON networks. It
includes four main components:
Optical Line Terminal
The OLT can
be considered the network manager of a gigabit passive optical network. Its
role is to transmit and receive optical video, data and voice signals to and
from the receiving ONT. The OLT transmits optical downstream signals at 1550 nm
for video and 1490 nm for voice and data, and receives optical upstream signals
at 1310 nm. This helps to avoid interruptions. GPON OLTs are installed at the
service provider's location, usually a data center. Like the GPON ONT, the OLT
converts the optical signals it receives into electrical signals. It is
connected to an optical splitter via a backbone cable.
Fiber Optic Splitter
A fiber
optic splitter is a passive component that splits a single fiber optic cable
into multiple individual fiber optic strands that can be branched and connected
to individual optical network terminals at end user locations. GPON splitters
often have a specific split ratio, such as 1:64, 1:32, 1:16, 1:8, or 1:4,
depending on the number of outputs required. Such splitters can be used for
central splitting, splitting the signal among, say, 64 end users, or for
cascaded splitting, where the splitter is connected to other splitters further
down the line to create a more branched network.
Optical Network Terminal
The user
endpoint in GPON is the ONT. h.Optical Network Terminal. This is a specialized
modem that converts the optical signal to an electrical signal at the end
user's premises. It enables broadband access on devices such as Wi-Fi, TV, and
desktops. The ONT sends the aggregated and optimized data from end users back
to the OLT.
The that means of gpon is Gigabit Passive Optical community. it's miles a type of Passive Optical network (PON), a device that uses fiber-optic cabling to supply high-speed data to houses or agencies in FTTx (Fiber to the X) deployments.
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